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AIDS
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see AIDS (disambiguation).
This article is semi-protected.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Classification and external resources
The Red ribbon is a symbol for solidarity with HIV-positive people and those living with AIDS.
ICD-10 B24.
ICD-9 042
DiseasesDB 5938
MedlinePlus 000594
eMedicine emerg/253
MeSH D000163
List of abbreviations used in this article
AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus
CD4+: CD4+ T helper cells
CCR5: Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5
CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
WHO: World Health Organization
PCP: Pneumocystis pneumonia
TB: Tuberculosis
MTCT: Mother-to-child transmission
HAART: Highly active antiretroviral therapy
STI/STD: Sexually transmitted infection/disease
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).[1][2][3]
This condition progressively reduces the effectiveness of the immune system and leaves individuals susceptible to opportunistic infections and tumors. HIV is transmitted through direct contact of a mucous membrane or the bloodstream with a bodily fluid containing HIV, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, preseminal fluid, and breast milk.[4][5]
This transmission can involve anal, vaginal or oral sex, blood transfusion, contaminated hypodermic needles, exchange between mother and baby during pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding or other exposure to one of the above bodily fluids.
AIDS is now a pandemic.[6] In 2007, it was estimated that 33.2 million people lived with the disease worldwide, and that AIDS killed an estimated 2.1 million people, including 330,000 children.[7] Over three-quarters of these deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa.[7]
Genetic research indicates that HIV originated in west-central Africa during the late nineteenth or early twentieth century.[8][9] AIDS was first recognized by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1981 and its cause, HIV, identified in the early 1980s.[10]
Although treatments for AIDS and HIV can slow the course of the disease, there is currently no vaccine or cure. Antiretroviral treatment reduces both the mortality and the morbidity of HIV infection, but these drugs are expensive and routine access to antiretroviral medication is not available in all countries.[11] Due to the difficulty in treating HIV infection, preventing infection is a key aim in controlling the AIDS pandemic, with health organizations promoting safe sex and needle-exchange programmes in attempts to slow the spread of the virus.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Symptoms
o 1.1 Pulmonary infections
o 1.2 Gastrointestinal infections
o 1.3 Neurological and psychiatric involvement
o 1.4 Tumors and malignancies
o 1.5 Other infections
* 2 Cause
o 2.1 Sexual transmission
o 2.2 Exposure to blood-borne pathogens
o 2.3 Perinatal transmission
o 2.4 Misconceptions
* 3 Pathophysiology
o 3.1 Cells affected
+ 3.1.1 The effect
+ 3.1.2 Molecular basis
* 4 Diagnosis
o 4.1 WHO disease staging system
o 4.2 CDC classification system
o 4.3 HIV test
* 5 Prevention
o 5.1 Sexual contact
o 5.2 Exposure to infected body fluids
o 5.3 Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT)
o 5.4 Education, health literacy and cognitive ability
* 6 Treatment
o 6.1 Antiviral therapy
o 6.2 Experimental and proposed treatments
o 6.3 Complementary and alternative medicine
* 7 Prognosis
* 8 Epidemiology
* 9 History
* 10 Society and culture
o 10.1 Stigma
o 10.2 Economic impact
o 10.3 Religion and AIDS
o 10.4 AIDS denialism
* 11 See also
* 12 Notes and references
* 13 Further reading
* 14 External links
Symptoms
Main symptoms of AIDS.
X-ray of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). There is increased white (opacity) in the lower lungs on both sides, characteristic of PCP
The symptoms of AIDS are primarily the result of conditions that do not normally develop in individuals with healthy immune systems. Most of these conditions are infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites that are normally controlled by the elements of the immune system that HIV damages.
Opportunistic infections are common in people with AIDS.[12] These infections affect nearly every organ system.
People with AIDS also have an increased risk of developing various cancers such as Kaposi's sarcoma, cervical cancer and cancers of the
Hide
Wikipedia is getting a new lookHelp us find bugs and complete user interface translations
AIDS
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see AIDS (disambiguation).
This article is semi-protected.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Classification and external resources
The Red ribbon is a symbol for solidarity with HIV-positive people and those living with AIDS.
ICD-10 B24.
ICD-9 042
DiseasesDB 5938
MedlinePlus 000594
eMedicine emerg/253
MeSH D000163
List of abbreviations used in this article
AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus
CD4+: CD4+ T helper cells
CCR5: Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5
CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
WHO: World Health Organization
PCP: Pneumocystis pneumonia
TB: Tuberculosis
MTCT: Mother-to-child transmission
HAART: Highly active antiretroviral therapy
STI/STD: Sexually transmitted infection/disease
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).[1][2][3]
This condition progressively reduces the effectiveness of the immune system and leaves individuals susceptible to opportunistic infections and tumors. HIV is transmitted through direct contact of a mucous membrane or the bloodstream with a bodily fluid containing HIV, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, preseminal fluid, and breast milk.[4][5]
This transmission can involve anal, vaginal or oral sex, blood transfusion, contaminated hypodermic needles, exchange between mother and baby during pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding or other exposure to one of the above bodily fluids.
AIDS is now a pandemic.[6] In 2007, it was estimated that 33.2 million people lived with the disease worldwide, and that AIDS killed an estimated 2.1 million people, including 330,000 children.[7] Over three-quarters of these deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa.[7]
Genetic research indicates that HIV originated in west-central Africa during the late nineteenth or early twentieth century.[8][9] AIDS was first recognized by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1981 and its cause, HIV, identified in the early 1980s.[10]
Although treatments for AIDS and HIV can slow the course of the disease, there is currently no vaccine or cure. Antiretroviral treatment reduces both the mortality and the morbidity of HIV infection, but these drugs are expensive and routine access to antiretroviral medication is not available in all countries.[11] Due to the difficulty in treating HIV infection, preventing infection is a key aim in controlling the AIDS pandemic, with health organizations promoting safe sex and needle-exchange programmes in attempts to slow the spread of the virus.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Symptoms
o 1.1 Pulmonary infections
o 1.2 Gastrointestinal infections
o 1.3 Neurological and psychiatric involvement
o 1.4 Tumors and malignancies
o 1.5 Other infections
* 2 Cause
o 2.1 Sexual transmission
o 2.2 Exposure to blood-borne pathogens
o 2.3 Perinatal transmission
o 2.4 Misconceptions
* 3 Pathophysiology
o 3.1 Cells affected
+ 3.1.1 The effect
+ 3.1.2 Molecular basis
* 4 Diagnosis
o 4.1 WHO disease staging system
o 4.2 CDC classification system
o 4.3 HIV test
* 5 Prevention
o 5.1 Sexual contact
o 5.2 Exposure to infected body fluids
o 5.3 Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT)
o 5.4 Education, health literacy and cognitive ability
* 6 Treatment
o 6.1 Antiviral therapy
o 6.2 Experimental and proposed treatments
o 6.3 Complementary and alternative medicine
* 7 Prognosis
* 8 Epidemiology
* 9 History
* 10 Society and culture
o 10.1 Stigma
o 10.2 Economic impact
o 10.3 Religion and AIDS
o 10.4 AIDS denialism
* 11 See also
* 12 Notes and references
* 13 Further reading
* 14 External links
Symptoms
Main symptoms of AIDS.
X-ray of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). There is increased white (opacity) in the lower lungs on both sides, characteristic of PCP
The symptoms of AIDS are primarily the result of conditions that do not normally develop in individuals with healthy immune systems. Most of these conditions are infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites that are normally controlled by the elements of the immune system that HIV damages.
Opportunistic infections are common in people with AIDS.[12] These infections affect nearly every organ system.
People with AIDS also have an increased risk of developing various cancers such as Kaposi's sarcoma, cervical cancer and cancers of the