Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) has been thought to be an important and pathological phenomenon leading to renal scarring and irreversible renal damage in children with urinary tract infection (UTI). This assumption has lead to practices where thousands of children with UTI undergo voiding cystourethrographies (VCUG). However, the evidence of the causal relation between VUR and renal scarring is scanty and based mainly on experimental animal studies and historical observations on adults with a neurogenic bladder due to spinal cord injury... 
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