What does arm/disarm means in Aviation Terminology?

[»CupiDlm»FlyeemhiGht]

I have heard of Arming OR Disarming the flight doors, Auto Throttle, Auto Brakes, Flaps..

But i am not sure of what does it mean exactly?
Is it the process of visual verification in the cabin? (Locked & Armed?)

Thanks for answering.