No, it's not going to happen. A phone charger only supplies about 5% of the current needed for a typical laptop, so you will probably fry the phone chargers because they would be way overloaded.
If you had a device that needed 10 volts at low current, typically below 500mA depending on the phone charger, it could work to join 2 adaptors in series. But NOT a laptop.
I'm curious though, I don't know any 10 volt laptops, which model are you talking about ? Most laptops run on about 19 volts and take 3.5 to 4 amps.