homo sapiens and neanderthals are the same.i say this because they are further in Evolution (neanderthals)they are the homo (erectus) (not sure how to spell that) that eevolved from homo sapiens, that moved one step closer to human,(neanderthal) but while some of the now homo erectus were in lower parts of africa and east asia. neanderthals were following the larger (game of animal) more adapted to the cold across the pangea to become "north and south amreicans". but yes they most likely did breed at first since