If we were to use an external circuit with a finite resistance, this system would be analogous to a battery-powered appliance. In such a system, temperature doesn’t just affect thermodynamic quanities, but it can also change the rates at which the electrode reactions occur (a kinetic effect), thus affecting the current that can be supplied to the
circuit. Changing the temperature can also affect the internal ‘leakage’ current between the terminals of the battery. Bearing these in mind, attempt to explain why batteries kept in the fridge have a longer lifetime, but batteries operating in cold conditions will run down more quickly (reach a point where they can no longer supply enough current
to the circuit to power the appliance), but will operate normally when warmed up again.
circuit. Changing the temperature can also affect the internal ‘leakage’ current between the terminals of the battery. Bearing these in mind, attempt to explain why batteries kept in the fridge have a longer lifetime, but batteries operating in cold conditions will run down more quickly (reach a point where they can no longer supply enough current
to the circuit to power the appliance), but will operate normally when warmed up again.