Depending on whether you view humanity as intrinsically good, evil, neutral, altruistic, selfish or egotistical (as raised in another thread), will then effect your belief on the validity of compliance through fear or loss. Seeing as I belief humans to be motivated by selfishness, I have nothing agianst the use of fear (due to loss) as a way to make malefactors fall into line. Investment in societal norms is not equally advantageous to everyone. If it were we'd have true equality, which obviously we do not. It's very difficult to sell a societal norm as intrinsically good, to a sector of the community which is obviously not gaining the same level of advantage from those norms (or the laws such norms enforce) as the rest of society. Sometimes showing them the positive balance in a gain:loss equation (if there actually is one) is the only real world solution.