I think Barry Switzer won a Super Bowl his rookie year with the Cowboys team that he inherited from Jimmy Johnson. I also think Jim Caldwell went to the Super Bowl his rookie year but lost.
Jim Caldwell started 14-0 and had the chance to finish 16-0 in 2009, instead he decided to pull out the starters in week 16 against the Jets and finish 14-2.
George Seifert won the Super Bowl in his rookie year as head coach for the 49ers. Although he didn't really do anything to win the Super Bowl, he basically left the Bill Walsh built team intact and left what was working alone and rode it into the Super Bowl and won.