See Reexamining the Cruel and Unusual Punishment of Prison Life
Author(s): James Bonta and Paul Gendreau
Source: Law and Human Behavior, Vol. 14, No. 4, (Aug., 1990), pp. 347-372...http://www.jstor.org/stable/1394298
Historically, prisons have been described as barren landscapes devoid of even the
most basic elements of humanity (cf. Sykes, 1958) and detrimental to the humanity of the offender.