How can an MMA fighter fight at a lower weight class, if they enter the ring

Some_Person

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more than they weighed in as? Sorry for the long question. Didn't know how to word it. Anyway, what I am wondering is, how can a fighter fight as, let's say a welterweight, if they are more than 170 pounds when they enter the ring? Shouldn't said fighter be fighting at middleweight?
I'm new to the sport of MMA, and I understand most of the rules, just not the weight classes. I don't see how someone should be allowed to fight in a weight class if they enter the ring at a heavier weight. Or if they "walk around" at a heavier weight than their weight class.
Please clarify this.
 
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