Probably depends on how or why you were shut off.
If it's a pre-paid plan and it's behind, usually these have a "grace period" where stuff like voicemail will still work for a certain amount of time before you add more money to the plan.
But if your service was just plain shut off, then no, chances are pretty good any caller is just going to get the message that the phone is no longer in service and that's it.
I suppose an easy enough way to check would be to call the number and see what happens.