You have to buy a special receiver to play with a wireless controller. Charge and play kits do not act as a connection either in case you were wondering.
Here's where you can buy it:
http://www.amazon.com/Xbox-360-Wireless-Gaming-Receiver-Windows/dp/B000HZFCT2
Just a side note: Xbox 360 products don't use bluetooth, though PS3 does.
EDIT:
Huh... Guess I was wrong. Xbox 360 can use Bluetooth for headsets:
http://www.gamestop.com/xbox-360/accessories/xbox-360-bluetooth-wireless-headset/93053