Legislature involving teens--
* Legal drinking age,
* Legal driving age,
* Issues such as texting behind the wheel, etc.
EDIT: * Also the bullying legislature being passed in some states and considered in others due to all the recent suicides :/
School related issues--
* School starting time (should it be later, should it be kept the same? there's a lot of debate going on about that),
* School uniforms,
* Blocking schedules vs "normal" schedules (1h30 min classes vs 45 min classes),
* Summer vacation vs Year-round school (keep in mind that year-round school means that summer break is basically broken up and redistributed across the year so you have a bunch of 3-week breaks, they don't just delete summer vacation, that would be awful o.o)
* Mandatory online courses: Some school in Florida made taking an online course mandatory for graduating and 5 teachers lost their jobs since kids started taking classes online and didn't need teachers anymore, that's a controversial topic you could probably fine a fair bit of information on.
Misc.--
* The increased use of drugs to treat children (with issues such as ADD/ADHD, etc) has gotten attention in recent years because people believe doctors are over-diagnosing kids.
* And then there's the typical controversial stuff: evolution, abortion, gay rights, legalization of pot.